MEDICINE

As an optometrist working in turn-of-the-20th-century San Francisco, George Mayerle encountered plenty of immigrant patients who weren't comfortable reading Roman scripts. So he made a whole new test for them.

From "urine wheels" to 16th-century pop-up books.

Suffering from dysentery? Grab some beans!

Its developers hope it sparks the next generation of total artificial hearts.

Bejeweled hairballs, anyone?

These killers took the oath "do no harm" to the opposite extreme.

It's hard to pick a favorite from these off-the-wall studies exploring topics like whether cats can be both solid and liquid, the physics of walking backwards with coffee, and the brain activity of people who are grossed out by cheese.

Get to know the pioneering doctor who's been called "the father of modern surgery" and the namesake of a popular mouthwash.

Aspiring neurosurgeons may soon have a new educational tool at their disposal.

Though you might not often think about them, lymph nodes are crucial for your immune system.

James Young Simpson didn't think women should have to suffer in labor.

Helminthic therapy is unproven for many conditions and is currently illegal in most countries.