Can You Solve the World’s First Crossword Puzzle?

Crossword puzzlers everywhere owe their thanks to Arthur Wynne, who in 1913 created what’s often cited as the world’s first crossword puzzle.

There are a few notable differences between Wynne’s puzzle and those of today. His is a perfect diamond, rather than the asymmetrical designs of many modern grids; and its empty spaces aren’t marked by black boxes. The number system isn’t what 21st-century puzzlers are used to, either: Wynne numbered the first and last squares of each clue. So, for example, the second clue down from the left (“The fibre of the gomuti palm”) is labeled “10-18” in the clue key.

But those distinctions shouldn’t trip up anyone who knows their way around a crossword puzzle. And don’t worry—not every answer is as obscure as the one for 10-18. The New York Times columnist Richard E. Mooney once described Wynne’s grid as a mix of “stupidly simple” and “stupidly hard” clues.

Take a crack at the crossword below, and then read on to learn a little more about its history. You’ll find the answer key at the bottom of the page.

Arthur Wynne was a journalist from Liverpool who immigrated to the U.S. and eventually got hired as an editor for the New York World. He developed the crossword puzzle to be published in the newspaper’s “Fun” section on December 21, 1913. It’s tough to say definitively that Wynne invented the crossword puzzle; history is full of similar games that involve filling out a grid of criss-crossing words. Ancient Romans, for example, created the sator square—a five-word grid that functions as a palindromic sentence.

But Wynne does deserve credit for originating and popularizing our modern version of the crossword puzzle. New York World readers immediately loved his so-called “Word-Cross Puzzle”—which, thanks to a typo, quickly became known as a “Cross-Word” instead—and it wasn’t long before other newspapers began to print their own. As TIME points out, the brain game functioned as a much-needed bit of escapism for a country on the brink—and then in the thick—of World War I.

Simon & Schuster catapulted the craze to new heights when they published a book of crossword puzzles in 1924. Ironically, The New York Times scoffed at the pastime for years; it would take another world war to convince the paper that its subscribers deserved a distraction. They enlisted Margaret Petherbridge Farrar, a leading cruciverbalist who’d contributed crosswords to the New York World and Simon & Schuster, to be their crossword editor; her first puzzle appeared in the paper on February 15, 1942.

These days, crosswords seem so classic that it’s hard to imagine they started out as a fad. Maybe 22nd-century puzzlers will feel the same about Wordle.

Answer Key