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Winslow

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Your Favorite Villain Strikes Back

Our favorite martian, Ray William Johnson, just put out a new music video featuring all your favorite villains. See how many you know in the funny video... READ ON

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The Number of the Day: $140,000

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Brain Game: That’s Weird

The Wednesday Word Ladder is now Wednesday Wordplay, which will offer other word-related puzzles in addition to ladders. Enjoy! What English word begins with one double-letter (like “UU” or “LL”) and ends with another? Here is... READ ON

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Brain Game: That’s Weird

The Wednesday Word Ladder is now Wednesday Wordplay, which will offer other word-related puzzles in addition to ladders. Enjoy! What English word begins with one double-letter (like “UU” or “LL”) and ends with another? Here is... READ ON

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Morning Cup of Links: Egg Toss

Ten percent of all people are left-handed, a ratio that holds up over generations. While we can correlate a lot of things with handedness, we still don’t know what causes it. * Which Star Trek series do you like the best? It doesn’t really matter, because you can watch them all here, at least for now. (via Metafilter) * Use a steady hand and a virtual catapult to toss Cadbury Creme Eggs at any Google Maps location. I managed to “egg” my own home! (via the Presurfer) * What Pi Sounds Like. Numerical... READ ON

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The Number of the Day: 300

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Brain Game: One Vote

This is Brain Game #696, and it’s Tuesday Test Time. Don protective gear now. Two former U.S. presidents have last names that were 10 letters long, and one has a middle name that was 10 letters long. Name the only former U.S. president whose first name was 10 letters long. Here is... READ ON

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Brain Game: One Vote

This is Brain Game #696, and it’s Tuesday Test Time. Don protective gear now. Two former U.S. presidents have last names that were 10 letters long, and one has a middle name that was 10 letters long. Name the only former U.S. president whose first name was 10 letters long. Here is... READ ON

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Morning Cup of Links: Mardi Gras

Chicken Chasing: A Cajun Mardi Gras Tradition. Dress funny, beg for food, get drunk, and make sure you have something to repent when Lent begins. * See the most realistic android yet: the Geminoid DK. If you didn’t know going in, how much of the video would you watch before figuring out he’s a robot? * March is National Colon Cancer Awareness Month. If you’re over 50, your first colonoscopy screening is due, but this silly song will prepare you well. * You know those standardized tests that determine... READ ON

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The Late Movies: My Favorite Misanthrope

In case you haven’t heard of him, Charlie Brooker is a British national treasure — and also a sneering, acidly sarcastic, fast-talking, hilarious journalist and TV presenter whose distinctly British tear-downs of everything from the state of TV to politics and video games have earned him a reputation as a no-holds-barred opinionator. Here’s the best of what I could find on YouTube — let me know what you think. BTW, he swears a lot, so these are definitely NSFW. Charlie cleverly deconstructs the... READ ON

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Mary

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"As is painting, so is poetry"

This morning I discovered a flyer in my mailbox advertising "Wordsworth and Keats Fine Interior Housepainting: special attention paid to metre and rhyme." Part of me wanted to believe this was a real service, perhaps featuring painters who speak in couplets and scrawl secret verses on your walls before they slap up a coat of Benjamin Moore. Alas, the website the flyer lists turns out to be completely unrelated to poetry or paint. I guess the whole point was just to get people's attention, in which case, it... READ ON

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All the Presidents... President's... Presidents'... meh, whatever.

Wait, what day is it again? From The New Yorker: According to some of the calendars and appointment books floating around this office, Monday, February 19th, is Presidents' Day. Others say it's President's Day. Still others opt for Presidents Day. Which is it? ... The answer, strictly speaking, is none of the above. Ever since 1968, when, in one of the last gasps of Great Society reformism, holidays were rejiggered to create more three-day weekends, federal law has decreed the third... READ ON

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Viral meme all your friends already know about, #4: Loituma Girl

Do not, repeat, do NOT click on this link if you actually have something even slightly, vaguely important to do today, or if you are at all worried about maintaining your sanity. Okay, fine, click. Loituma Girl is the most spellbinding thing I've ever seen, and the worst part is, I can't explain why. At least Wikipedia can explain what: Loituma Girl (also known as Leekspin) is a flash cartoon set to a gibberish section of the traditional Finnish folk song "Ievan Polkka" sung by the Finnish quartet... READ ON

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Allah vs. God

There's an interesting debate going on at the Guardian about why English-speakers use the word Allah to refer to the Muslim version of God: There is no logical reason for this. Why use an Arabic word in English-language news reports when there is a perfectly good English word that means exactly the same thing? Various Arabic words -- jihad and sheikh, for example -- have crept into everyday usage because no precise equivalent exists in English, but "Allah" is not of that type. It is simply the normal... READ ON

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I'm not sure what's more troubling...

.. the fact that this fantastic blogger took the trouble to photograph and post every single ad in Times Square, or the fact that one of them is for "Legally Blonde: The Musical!" UPDATE: Just finished reading the blogger's post. He had the exact same... READ ON

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Public service announcement: The chain gang

I've mentioned this worthy organization on the blog before (albeit in passing), but one of our readers thought we ought to bring it to full attention in order to make the world a better place: CHAIN LETTERS ANONYMOUS At Chain Letters Anonymous, we understand the anxiety of breaking the chain. We want to help you overcome "forward-button addiction" and the superstitious intoxication that brings computer networks to a crawl. Not everyone has the strength to quit cold turkey, and we fully... READ ON

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You belong in a zoo

So, you know those scientific studies that recruit participants through ads on the subway and on college bulletin boards? This one's sooooo much cooler: SYDNEY (AFP)—An Australian zoo is putting humans on public display in its orangutang enclosure in a month-long scientific experiment that will also include a popularity contest. Six humans have already taken up residence in the Adelaide Zoo pen for the experiment, dubbed "the human zoo." Groups of humans will spend week-long shifts locked in... READ ON

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Mummies from deepest, darkest Peru

If you thought mummies came only from Egypt, this news story will astound you. Actually, it ought to astound anyone because it's so. freakin'. cool: Hands over her eyes and her face gripped with terror, the woman's fear of death is all too obvious. The remarkable mummy was found in a hidden burial vault in the Amazon. It is at least 600 years old and has survived thanks to the embalming skills of her tribe, the Chachapoyas or cloud warriors. Eleven further mummies were recovered from the massive... READ ON

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Even more Japonalia

Good news for those of you who couldn't get enough of my constant posts about Japan (all two of you) -- a reader named "Professor Solomon" writes to tell us he also enjoys spouting off about the country, and that he's done it in book form. Across the sea is the land of Japan. With its ancient shrines, sumo wrestlers, Zen masters, capsule hotels, Laughing Festival, fortunetelling birds, haiku masters, phantom foxes, mania for bathing, musical crickets, tea masters, Living National Treasures, Moon Viewing... READ ON

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Teratomas: Terrible, but Maybe Also Terrific

I just wrote a piece about stem cells, and I'd like to take a moment to talk about one of the things I briefly mention in the article: teratomas, which, like most of the best things in medicine, are both intellectually fascinating and spectacularly gross. (For the sake of the squeamish, I'm not including any pictures except the one at left [apparently her name is "Tabitha"], but there is a disgusting one here.) Teratomas are essentially tumors made of cells that have decided to differentiate into any... READ ON

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Becky

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Blog of Glory

Was it a sign that while flossing last night, my gums started bleeding? No but really: as of tomorrow I'll be handing in my mental_floss jersey, perhaps to resurface at some point, in some avuncular (why not?!) capacity. So to celebrate the new era, here's a pensive shot of my parents' husky (who is looking for a home if you live in MI--and preferably on a lot of land) & here are some random "final blog entries" still glimmering somewhere out there: Wednesday, May 9th Final blog post...recap time.... READ ON

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Consequences of a less than punctual life

I've... READ ON

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Impromtu jury duty

Judging from Maggie's How To Get Out of Jury Duty & David's dispatches from jury duty (maybe: "How to Get Into Jury Duty"?), we at mental_floss definitely haven't shied away from how to cope with the litigious life. I haven't actually had to/had the pleasure to serve on a Los Angeles jury yet, but I did cast the syndicated "Jury Duty" television show last year...Maybe there's some viable conflict of interest there that would get me off the hook. But at least I haven't yet encountered "emergency jury... READ ON

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Elsewhere in ghost towns: Kolmanskop

Every time all my favorite people leave town, you're liable to find me whining about how "this place is a ghost town," etc. That feeling either fades or it doesn't, but if ghosts were sandmen, they'd be all over this town: Kolmanskop is a ghost town in southern Namibia, a few kilometres inland from the port of Lüderitz. In 1908, Luederitz was plunged into diamond fever and people rushed into the Namib desert hoping to make an easy fortune. Within two years, a town, complete with a casino, school,... READ ON

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Ships, cats, et al. in bottles

So the only other thing I'd like to add to Miss Cellania's Weird Week-in-Review is actually from a few weeks back, but still pertinent--the New Jersey kitten who was found with its head stuck inside a bottle. Which was, with the pragmatic assistance of Crisco, safely removed. But the idea of something--almost anything--inside a bottle is practically always riveting. SD Jones runs a great folk art site that boasts an impressive index of artwork in bottles, including miniature meat markets (pictured!),... READ ON

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Workplace bullies

Where was "Bully Police USA" when I needed them? My self-defense training growing up was limited to my father coaching me to "hit back" or crush hypothetical scenarios with some zinger (outside of the I=rubber; you=glue genus). Well, at the Bully Police USA headquarters, you can check if your state has anti-bullying laws (32 states do). Among those 32, the only state that received an "A++" was Delaware. If you were bullied in Delaware, you probably won't be anymore...The site also claims that: 90% of... READ ON

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Party in the fuselage! This one's on the Contras...

A friend of mine just returned from Costa Rica, where stray dogs act as sherpas & if you want to get your drink on in a Fairchild C-123 cargo plane--a vestige from the Iran-Contra affair--you can do so at a place called El Avion. It's a bar, it's a coffee shop, it's a store, and it is, my friend reports back, amazing! The Hotel Costa Verde acquired the plane for $3k in 2000, and details the journey here: We then disassembled and shipped the pieces of the Iran-Contra relic to Quepos.... READ ON

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The allure of cities with numbers in their names

Yes, there's something transparently cool about Truth or Consequences, NM, or Hell, MI, but there's coolness AND precision in cities bearing numbers in their names: Twentynine Palms, CA Three Notch, AL Two Rivers, AK Seven Trees, CA Four Corners, MT Five Points, NC Seven Oaks, TX Ninety Six, SC Last month my boyfriend and I loitered in Twentynine Palms. We tried to count the palms, but they were, somehow, scarce. Still a jolly old freezing desert time and I fully plan on going back... READ ON

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What is a dandy?

So if you haven't heard, it's that time again: The New Yorker is holding their 2008 Eustace Tilley Contest. Tilley, drawn by Rea Irvin (also responsible for the headline type) in 1925, has been famously rendered by the likes of Chris Ware, Robert Crumb, William Wegman, and others. The deadline for submissions is January 24th, and you can check out the competition here. In 2005, Louis Menand wrote about Tilley's evolution and eventual deconstruction. New Yorker readers have become used to him, but... READ ON

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Hunting with Dad

Postal service in my neighborhood isn't very consistent, so it can make for some interesting deliveries. The other day, a neighbor two blocks over walked to my door to personally re-direct a newsletter she also receives. It was touching, and perhaps something that would only happen in a small town or at least on the West Coast. And just yesterday I arrived home to see the February issue of Field & Stream on the kitchen table, and was saddened a little to realize it was merely mis-delivered & if I were a... READ ON

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Katherine Taylor

Barry

Tab Julius

Tab Julius is a software architect who seems to spend his time shoveling snow.

Betsy

Beth

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The Brady Bunch vs. The Partridge Family

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Matthew

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Calculating the Moby Quotient

If you spent your musically developmental and formative years in the basement of a college radio station, you know the satisfaction that comes from championing some unknown alterna-electro funk band from Portland. With this satisfaction comes the devastating emptiness when they inevitably sell their catchy debut single to Mitsubishi for use in a commercial for a sedan with above average gas mileage. The rise of illegal downloading, the shrinking of radio playlists, and the decline in CD sales have forced... READ ON

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John

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Presbyterians!

The Presbyterian Church, USA, has just decided that churches will be allowed to refer to the Holy Trinity as "Rock, Redeemer, and Friend" or "Mother, Child, and Womb" or any other gender-neutral threesome a particular congregation finds compelling. I bring this up exclusively because for the last several weeks I have been dying to share something: The word Presbyterians is a perfect anagram of Britney Spears! (I came to find this out because my new book contains a lot of anagrams, which resulted in my... READ ON

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Juneteenth

Today is Juneteenth, one of those American holidays that involves neither getting off work or buying a card, and so is therefore more or less forgotten. Juneteenth commemorates the emancipation of the slaves by a Union general in Galveston, Texas on June 19, 1865. Initially, I was going to celebrate June 19th the way I celebrate all other holidays--that is to say, by not blogging--but then when I was reading about Juneteenth, I came across the word portmanteau (which is a great word, and the... READ ON

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The Beautiful Game

I presume that everyone in America has quit their jobs in order to watch every game of the World Cup (I can't confirm this on account of how I haven't left my apartment since the tournament started last week), and so you probably know that the Brazil is favored to win, due to its overwhelming awesomeness. There are many theories about why Brazil is so good at football, but I personally believe it is the nicknames--a tradition that dates back almost a century. According to this article, the first... READ ON

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Those Wacky Germans

One of my favorite leisure activities is watching the Scripps National Spelling Bee, which admittedly aired like two weeks ago but in my defense I've been getting married and moving and weeping vociferously re. the United States national soccer team's loss to the Czeck Republic. At any rate, any serious speller (and I myself was third runner up in the Audubon Park Elementary School spelling bee as a fourth grader) knows that the German is the Everest of languages. This year, for instance, both the... READ ON

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Something Borrowed, Something Blue, Something Hideously Expensive

I'm getting married in nine days. And so I've been thinking a lot about weddings and marriages. Admittedly, most of my time the past few months has been wasted accomplishing the little tasks inherent to a 450-guest wedding. But now and again, I've found myself researching the wider world of weddings. Here's what I've learned: My all-time favorite marriage certificate comes from this apparently true story: Amidst a thunderstorm, Swift had sought refuge under a large tree. A man and his pregnant... READ ON

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Don't Look Stupid on Saturday, either

Remember, y'all. Tomorrow is April 1st, which--to quote Puddnhead Wilson--"is the day on which we are reminded of what we are on the other three hundred and sixty-four." Prepare yourself for the salt-in-the-sugar trick tomorrow morning with The 100 Top April Fools' Pranks of all time. My personal favorite would be the April 1998 issue of New Mexicans for Science and Reason. Now, we do not wish to criticize New Mexico, which we are sure includes many, many citizens who favor science and reason,... READ ON

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Cartesian Freakonomics

Today is the 410th birthday of noted French philosopher and mathematician Rene "I think therefore I am" Descartes. Known as the father of both mathematics and philosophy (he also fathered a daughter, Francine, out of wedlock), Descartes' work and life are plenty fascinating. But we bring up his birthday only because it is our best opportunity in weeks to share our favorite fact in the entire history of facts, which we learned from Britannica via floss contributor A. J. Jacobs: Rene Descartes had a... READ ON

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Greg

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Greg Veis, YouTube Hunter Is On His Knees; Not Unhappy About It

I won't try to pretend otherwise: this post is partly intended to tip you off to one of the funniest dudes on the web, but mostly it's a way for me to publicly kiss up and grovel. (See how I already kissed up? "One of the funniest dudes on the web." That's The Art of War in action, baby.) Anyway, the dude's name is Merlin Mann, and driven desperate, as most of us are, by etiquette-less public cell phone users, he created a character called "That Phone Guy."... READ ON

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Greg Veis, YouTube Hunter Gives You Jonathan Glazer

In this the third part of our ongoing 433-part series, Better Know a Director, we'll do a once-over on the work of Jonathan Glazer. The Fightin' Glazer. Undoubtedly, you've seen some of his work before. Sexy Beast was a pretty big deal, although Birth, rightfully, was less of one. He's also directed a bunch of music videos, including Jamiroquai's once ubiquitous "Virtual Insanity." But as I discovered at a not-that-recent Resfest, watching his work in... READ ON

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Greg Veis, YouTube Hunter: It's Springtime, B*tch

It officially feels like spring in New York, and naturally my mind has filled itself with the standard vernal fare: watching boiling water turn instantly to snow, contemplating the delicious gayness of 300, wishing I could play Nerf basketball more often and rap about why my alma mater sucks. If only I had videos to complement these thoughts... Oh wait, I do? You mean this wasn't just a not-so-clever writing device meant to tweak your expectations? Awesome! Looky here: Looks like I won't... READ ON

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Greg Veis, YouTube Hunter: Tracy Morgan is our Andy Kaufman

People oftentimes assume Tracy Morgan is drunk or stoned to the bejesus. This is absurd to me, and cruel, too. In insinuating this, these people (let's call them "straw men") devalue a comedian who over the last several years--but particularly since he's literally (both on and off camera) morphed into his character Tracy Jordan from 30 Rock--has become something of a national treasure. Susan B. Anthony is a national treasure. Would you like to cast aspersions on her, too? Honestly. Think about it. Not... READ ON

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Greg Veis, YouTube Hunter: Coulter Clash

Every six months or so, reliable as clockwork, we're treated to some grotesquely bilious new statement from Ann Coulter. Lefties roar. Some righties run for cover. Others look the other way or bow their heads in half-apology. Cable news stations dive headlong into another easy-to-moralize-on filler topic perfectly suited for the 24 hour news cycle. And round and round we go. This weekend, as you must've seen, and if you haven't click here, Coulter shocked no one with her latest... READ ON

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Greg Veis: You Tube Hunter Explores...Humor

Listen, life is short and if you, like me, work next to a skyscraper being put up by drunkards it could be shorter. That's why we have to relish in a little light-hearted fun from time to time, eg. going to the beach or eating popcorn with our toes or seeing a Dave Barry column in your paper, refusing to read it, and then ritualistically burning it using your mother's nail polish remover as igniter fluid. There's really no limit to what we can do if we try, and this clip,... READ ON

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Greg Veis, YouTube Hunter: Tyra Banks, Not Sane

One of the distinct  displeasures of full-time employment--and of not having TiVo--is the inability to watch daytime television. Remember the thrill of The Price is Right during a sick day home from school, or for that matter, Tic Tac Dough? There was a feeling of law-breaking, of daring, in watching those shows. You felt as if you were getting away with something, even if the 102-degree fever wasn't lightbulb-enhanced. Well, in the working world, or at least my working world, there are no sick days,... READ ON

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Greg Veis: You Tube Hunter Explores the Man Crush

Perhaps the strangest--and certainly the most unwelcome--development of this year's Super Bowl was the reliance on homophobia to move product. Much has already been written on the topic, so I won't cover old ground here, but all the corporate phobing sparked a discussion of the "man-crush" around Hunter HQ. Specifically, who is it acceptable to harbor one for? Jon Stewart seemed to be the #1 answer, with Kris Kristofferson a close two. (That's not a joke. Dude's a serious badass. Plus, he wrote this... READ ON

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Greg Veis, YouTube Hunter: Free Kobe!

Editor's Note: This YouTube Tuesday post was sent in shortly before game time, but due to computer problems, didn't make it up in time for tipoff. Kobe, in fact, did not play, and the Lakers lost 99-94 to one sorry sack franchise. It hurts. It hurts so bad. If this post changes just one person's life, though, it'll all have been worth it...  Don't try to talk to me about anything else right now, because you, friend, will be rebuffed. Two months back, I bought tickets to see the Lakers... READ ON

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Greg Veis, YouTube Hunter: From the Annals of Dumb Criminalia

Along with playing chess and watching my friends have sex, I derive endless enjoyment from Dumb Criminal videos. And based upon all the airtime these grainy surveillance tapes get, I'm guessing you do, too. So let's drop the ado... This one is the most famous of the stupid crook YouTubes. There are many different versions of this video including one that's more than borderline racist --but I like this one the best for its subtitles, which are undoubtedly accurate: And look at this guy who... READ ON

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Erik

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2 Rather Curious Fad Diets

Weight loss is a common topic, as any number of ads, articles, news segments and infomercials are likely to let you know. We are all aware that if we cut our intake and hit the gym, we'll lose some of that excess padding. But what if eating in moderation and regular exercise aren't viable options? There are myriad modern diets that suggest one key food or habit, or extol their own magic pill "“ be it a large dose of caffeine, or a large dose of ephedra, or a mixture of caffeine and ephedra... READ ON

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Evan

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4 Ways to Become a Diabolical Genius from the Comfort of Your Home

If your name is Angus MacGyver, all you need to lay waste to life's obstacles—from hotwiring a moped to breaking out of a heavily guarded Soviet prison—is a tube sock, a jar of mayonnaise, and a roll of duct tape. If you're anyone else, you'll probably need this guide. But don't push your luck. Being a diabolical genius is not for the faint of heart. So unless you're willing to be maimed, arraigned, and shipped off to Gitmo, we suggest you don't try... READ ON

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Our Ten Favorite Facebook Groups

Until yesterday, 'I Read Mental Floss' was our favorite Facebook Group. Then Evan Schiller showed us these. 1. Group Name: "I feel bad when I see kids on a... READ ON

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Emily Duong & Geoffrey Raynor

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Harry Potter Spell or Part of the Human Anatomy?

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Mangesh & Jason

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We've Got the Perfect Thing for Your Shiny New Tablet

If you got your hands on a new tablet this holiday season, your next move should be downloading the mental_floss magazine app. And when you make that next move, you get the current issue of mental_floss free!— iPad version— Android version— Kindle versionHappy... READ ON

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Our Big T-Shirt Sale Ends Tonight!

See something you like? Head over to the mental_floss store and use the code TEES17. But hurry! Sale ends at midnight... READ ON

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Our 15 Most Popular T-Shirts

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Download the New Issue of mental_floss Magazine!

The latest edition of mental_floss is now available in the iTunes store—and you can download it free! If you already have the mental_floss iPad app and you're having trouble downloading the new issue, make sure you've run the update. Click on the "App Store" icon and you should see it. If not, just holler and we'll get that squared away. Note: Android and Kindle Fire editions are coming very soon! And if you'd rather get a free issue of the physical magazine, we can do that,... READ ON

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The 15 Most Popular Items in the Mental Floss Store

If you're looking for the perfect gift for the perfect geek, here are the 15 best-selling items in our store. 1. Obsessive Chef Cutting... READ ON

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Join Us at Pat Kiernan's NYC Halloween Trivia Night!

If you're in the New York area and free on Monday, October 29th, we've got something fun for you. We're teaming up with TrivWorks and NY1 anchor Pat Kiernan for The Ultimate Halloween Pop Culture Trivia Night! Here's the scoop, via TrivWorks: "Hosted by NY1 morning news anchor Pat Kiernan, come test your knowledge of the greatest horror films, TV specials, monsters, costumes, candy and everything you can possibly think of related to New York’s most vibrant holiday! Featuring both full room &... READ ON

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Are You a Nina, a Pinta, or a Santa Maria?

Click for larger. Also check out the iPad edition of... READ ON

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Introducing the mental_floss iPad App!

We're very excited to announce the launch of the iPad version of mental_floss magazine! The app is free, and if you download it now, you can get the new issue free as well (thanks, Boeing). If you've always thought about giving our magazine a shot, now seems like the perfect time. Download the mental_floss iPad app... READ ON

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Introducing the Split Decision App for iPhone and Android

We spent much of 2010 developing Split Decision, our party/trivia game of improbable pairings. We've spent much of this year working on the app version, and we're thrilled to announce it's now available for both iPhone and Android! From the "hey guys, we have a new app out!" press release: Split Decision is a new game for your phone where to win you just need to decide which of two unusual categories is nonsense, and which represents real knowledge! It's packed full of funny facts, entertaining... READ ON

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15 Dad Facts for Father's Day

A few years ago, we asked some of our favorite mental_floss writers to send us their favorite dad-related facts and stories for our newsletter. Here are 15 you can use around the grill... READ ON

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Nick

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Name the Countries With Four-Letter Names

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Giri A.

Brian Abrams

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The Story Behind that Richard Nixon-RoboCop Photo

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Chester Arthur's New York Apartment turned into an Indian Grocery Store

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12 Gay Book Characters Turned Straight for the Movie Version

Adapted screenplays may follow books very closely, or may be completely different. When characters are gay or lesbian - or have had some significant same-sex experiences - screenwriters sometimes sidestep those facets of their stories entirely when it comes to the big screen. Here are twelve of those instances. 1. Corporal Fife, The Thin Red... READ ON

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Martin Van Buren Had a Really Nice Toilet

It's December 5th, and we all know what that means: The time has come, once again, to celebrate Martin Van Buren's birthday. In commemoration of the eighth U.S. president, who would have turned a ripe 230 years old today, his upstate New York hometown of Kinderhook is carrying out its annual wreath-laying ceremony at his gravesite. Which is right down the road from his retirement home, now a beautifully battered historic landmark preserved and cared for by the U.S. National Park Service. Despite his... READ ON

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When Will URL Shorteners Run Out of Links?

More than 250 million messages are tweeted daily. Approximately 290,000 status updates are posted to Facebook every minute. And who knows the number of instant messages that contain hyperlinks. Probably a lot.One thing is for certain: A good number of those hyperlinks aren't in their original form. Thanks to URL shortening services, such as lnk.co and TinyURL, what's normally 56 characters in length for a YouTube clip can be cut down to 20, omitting all kinds of URL clutter from your Gchat message... READ ON

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Morning Cup of Links: Things that Resemble the Death Star

The Brangelina twins and People Magazine share the record for the largest monetary transaction ($14 million) for celebrity baby photos. * May the 4th be with you! Begin your Star Wars Day with this run down of six things that look like the Death Star. * The more you know: iPod chargers can open beer bottles. * What does YKK mean? Meet the mysterious Japanese company behind the world's best zippers. * At 113 feet, Nemo 33 in Belgium is the deepest indoor diving pool on the planet. * The USC... READ ON

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Morning Cup of Links: Bears Falling from Trees

In Arkansas last week, a bear fell out of a tree and onto a children's bouncy house. Now the big guy has his very own Twitter account. * BTW, that Arkansas bear is not to be confused with the one who was photographed as he fell from a tree in Boulder, Colorado. * In Texas, high school girls made a pact to not hit the tanning beds before prom night. * An international airport in China has cheerleaders in order to "bring more convenience to passengers in the summer-autumn air season." * Just how... READ ON

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Morning Cup of Links: When Lightning Strikes Power Stations

In 1989, Kim Basinger collaborated with her then-boyfriend Prince on a pop album. The title was never officially released. After a quick listen, it's obvious why. * When lightning strikes power stations: 10 incredible snapshots. * When and how did the phrase "blue collar worker" come about? * Virgin America provides extra leg room for its first-class passengers, as well as billionaire Richard Branson's face carved into their ice cubes. * R.I.P.: Composer Joel Goldsmith, age 54. * The literal... READ ON

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Morning Cup of Links: The Best Campaign Slogans Ever

The Artist might have been Uggie's 15 minutes, but here's a more comprehensive study of the 10-year-old Jack Russell's showbiz career. * Do dead people crave donuts? * How different kinds of booze get you drunk in different ways. * 24-year-old Kevin Weir wanted to somehow introduce blues/folk legend Tom Waits to the Internet meme crowd. Enter: Nyan Waits. * Before Don Draper, Mad Men's Jon Hamm played a cable guy on an episode of The Sarah Silverman Show as well as a few other equally... READ ON

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Morning Cup of Links: The Onion Challenge

William Vandivert—Time & Life Pictures/ Today LIFE.com is featuring previously unpublished photos of Hitler's Bunker and the ruins of Berlin. * Anchorman director Adam McKay wants to remake the 1974 Bill Cosby slapstick comedy Uptown Saturday Night. * A young man from the Bronx proves his bravery after eating a whole onion on webcam. With jelly. * The Gill Sans font was first drafted at some time between the years 1928 and 1933. It looked like this. * Albuquerque police charged this hot dog... READ ON

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Liana Aghajanian

Liana Aghajanian is a multimedia journalist from Los Angeles by way of Iran who has written for L.A Times Community News, LA Weekly, EurasiaNet, Global Voices, Paste and Spot.us.

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Cloudy With a Chance of Catastrophe: Predicting the Weather in Space

Image credit: NASA In 1859, while observing sunspots, a young astronomer named Richard Carrington recorded a geomagnetic storm so powerful, the electrical currents it sent to Earth were enough to keep the newly invented telegraph operating without a battery. Centuries later, though humans have sent robots to Mars and even strong-armed a couple engineers into walking on the moon, the science of space weather, the changing environmental conditions in near-Earth space, has largely managed to elude us. In... READ ON

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Scott Allen

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8 Other Pro Sports Teams That Changed Their Nicknames

According to numerous reports, the New Orleans Hornets may become the New Orleans Pelicans next season. While franchises often pick up new nicknames when they relocate, the Pelicans wouldn't be the first team staying put to adopt a new moniker. Here are eight other examples. 1. Houston Colt .45s Houston's baseball team was originally known as the Colt .45s, but team president Judge Roy Hofheinz made a change "in keeping with the times" in 1965. Citing Houston's status as "the space age capital of... READ ON

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Teddy Roosevelt's Historic Losing Streak Is Over

After more than 500 losses, Teddy Roosevelt has finally won his first Presidents Race. (Yes, the Rough Rider won the 1904 presidential election, but until today, he had never won the Washington Nationals’ mid-game Presidents Race.) On the final day of baseball’s regular season, Teddy came from behind to beat his fellow Rushmores – George (Washington), Tom (Jefferson) and Abe (Lincoln) – to the finish line, much to the delight of the near-sellout crowd at Nationals... READ ON

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The 5 Other U.S. Ambassadors Killed by Terrorists

According to the State Department Office of the Historian, five U.S. ambassadors had been killed in the line of duty by terrorists prior to the killings of U.S. Ambassador to Libya J. Christopher Stevens and three embassy staffers on Tuesday. Here are their... READ ON

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How Every School in the AP Top 25 Got Its Nickname

The college football season kicks off next week. Prepare yourself by taking a look at how each team in the Associated Press Preseason Top 25 got its nickname. 1. University of Southern... READ ON

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4 Times Olympians Refused Their Medals

South Korean fencer Shin A-Lam provided one of the indelible images of the 2012 London Olympics when she staged an hour-long, tearful protest after losing to Germany’s Britta Heidemann in an individual epee semifinal match. Shin’s coach claimed Heidemann’s winning hit came after the final second on the clock, which was being controlled by a 15-year-old British volunteer, had elapsed. Shin was required to stay on the piste while the judges considered--and ultimately rejected--her appeal. After Shin... READ ON

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NBC Paid $1.2 Billion to Broadcast the London Olympics. Where Does That Money Go?

Dave Hogan/NBCNBC paid the International Olympic Committee a record $1.18 billion for the U.S. broadcast rights to the 2012 London Games and $4.38 billion for the four Olympics from 2014-2020. What does the IOC do with all that cash?According to the IOC’s Olympic Marketing Fact... READ ON

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11 Notable Medalists in the Olympic Art Competitions

We've been taking a look back at the fine art competitions that originated in ancient Greece and were revived as part of the modern Olympics from 1912 to 1948. Here are a few of the more notable medalists over the years. 1. Baron Pierre de... READ ON

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Olympic Art Competitions: The End

We're taking a look back at the fine art competitions that originated in ancient Greece and were revived as part of the modern Olympics from 1912 to... READ ON

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Olympic Art Competitions: 1936-1948

We're taking a look back at the fine art competitions that originated in ancient Greece and were revived as part of the modern Olympics from 1912 to... READ ON

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Olympic Art Competitions: 1928-1932

Over the next two weeks, we’ll be taking a look back at the fine art competitions that originated in ancient Greece and were revived as part of the modern Olympics from 1912 to... READ ON

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Be Amazing

Whether you're looking to glow in the dark, swallow a sword, quit smoking, find Atlantis, get out of jury duty, buy the Moon, sink a battleship, perform your own surgeries, or become a ninja,

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Be Amazing: Survive the Witness Protection Program

Whether you're looking to start your own religion, swallow a sword, quit smoking, find Atlantis, buy the Moon, sink a battleship, perform your own surgeries, or become a ninja, our new book Be Amazing covers all the essential life skills! And because we've extended our (amazing) book + t-shirt for under $20 deal through Friday, here's one more lesson from the book. YOU WILL NEED: "¢ Assistance finding housing in your new community "¢ $60,000 a year in subsistence payments "¢... READ ON

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Be Amazing: Get a New Word in the Dictionary

Whether you're looking to start your own religion, swallow a sword, quit smoking, find Atlantis, buy the Moon, sink a battleship, perform your own surgeries, or become a ninja, our new book Be Amazing covers all the essential life skills! This week, we'll be excerpting a few lessons from the book. New words pop up in the dictionary all the time, thanks to a handy—and almost maniacally extensive—editorial system. If you want your word to make into the big books, you'll need... READ ON

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How to Quit Smoking

Whether you're looking to start your own religion, swallow a sword, crack an unsolved murder, find Atlantis, buy the Moon, sink a battleship, perform your own surgeries, or become a ninja, our new book Be Amazing covers all the essential life skills! This week, we'll be excerpting a few lessons from the book. YOU WILL NEED Ancient traditions A new menace 1 pitcher of mildly hallucinogenic... READ ON

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Be Amazing: Change Your Name

Whether you're looking to start your own religion, swallow a sword, quit smoking, find Atlantis, buy the Moon, sink a battleship, perform your own surgeries, or become a ninja, our new book Be Amazing covers all the essential life skills! This week, we'll be excerpting a few lessons from the book. So you've finally decided that you no longer want to go through life burdened by the horrible name your parents gave you. Great! But you're still going to have to explain that decision to... READ ON

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Be Amazing: Control the Weather

Whether you're looking to start your own religion, swallow a sword, quit smoking, find Atlantis, buy the Moon, sink a battleship, perform your own surgeries, or become a ninja, our new book Be Amazing covers all the essential life skills! This week, we'll be excerpting a few lessons from the book. Step 1: CONVINCE PEOPLE YOU AREN'T A... READ ON

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How to Become Invisible

Whether you're looking to start your own religion, swallow a sword, quit smoking, find Atlantis, buy the Moon, sink a battleship, perform your own surgeries, or become a ninja, our new book Be Amazing covers all the essential life skills! This week, we'll be excerpting a few lessons from the book. If you have several billion dollars and a defense department... READ ON

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Be Amazing: Move a Whole Town

Whether you're looking to become invisible, swallow a sword, quit smoking, find Atlantis, buy the Moon, sink a battleship, perform your own surgeries, or become a ninja, our new book Be Amazing covers all the essential life skills! This week, we'll be excerpting a few lessons from the... READ ON

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Be Amazing: Finally Get Your Own Hoverboard

Whether you're looking to become invisible, swallow a sword, quit smoking, find Atlantis, get out of jury duty, buy the Moon, sink a battleship, perform your own surgeries, or become a ninja, our new book Be Amazing covers all the essential life skills! This week, we'll be excerpting a few lessons from the book. YOU WILL NEED "¢ 1 childhood dream "¢ The technology to fulfill it Tip: DON'T BE FOOLED BY... READ ON

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Be Amazing: Print Your Own Money

Whether you're looking to glow in the dark, swallow a sword, quit smoking, find Atlantis, get out of jury duty, buy the Moon, sink a battleship, perform your own surgeries, or become a ninja, our new book Be Amazing covers all the essential life skills! This week, we'll be excerpting a few lessons from the book. Here are three home-grown monetary systems you should avoid copying too closely: The... READ ON

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Be Amazing: Glow in the Dark

Whether you're looking to become invisible, swallow a sword, quit smoking, find Atlantis, get out of jury duty, buy the Moon, sink a battleship, perform your own surgeries, or become a ninja, our new book Be Amazing covers all the essential life skills! This week, we'll be excerpting a few lessons from the book. YOU WILL NEED "¢ 1 hand (your own, preferably attached) "¢ 1 set of fingernails "¢ 1 powerful photon counter (check your local university research laboratory)... READ ON

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Marc Ambinder

Sandy and Kara

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A Loner? No, I Own It

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Monday Math Square #153

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12 Things You'll Learn from Our Newest Book

Is budgeting your holiday spending a tricky proposition? Look no further. We've collected more than 2,000 questions from the early mental_floss archives to bring you mental_floss Trivia: Brisk, Refreshing Facts Without the Ice Cream Headache. The reader-friendly layout gives you the answers on the spread immediately following the questions - no annoying flipping-to-the-back-of-the-book to get your score. At more than 850 pages, you'll enjoy hours of reading and sharing pleasure! To celebrate 12/12/12,... READ ON

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What’s That Red Stuff Airplanes Pour on Wildfires?

MARIO ANZUONI/Reuters/LandovWater is the key ingredient in the mixture. It’s also treated with guar gum and/or clay as thickeners, to turn the liquid into a “blanket” and keep it from evaporating in the heat or being blown away before it hits the drop zone. Those thickeners also help to cover more... READ ON

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Did Astronauts Really Eat Astronaut Ice Cream?

Of the many specialty items made for space travel, food was obviously a top priority. NASA commissioned several different companies to come up with freeze-dried snacks that the men could nosh on while in orbit, and the Whirlpool Corporation’s contribution was Neapolitan ice cream in a pouch. Coconut fat, sugar, milk solids and other ingredients were freeze-dried, ground and compressed into tasty cubes that were then coated with a layer of gelatin.“Astronaut ice cream" only went on one space... READ ON

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What Is the Mystery Flavor of Dum Dums?

Image credit: Temptation CandyIn 1924, the Akron Candy Company in Ohio had developed a small, spherical hard candy on a stick whose size was perfect for children, but could be enjoyed by adults as well. When it came to naming the confection, sales manager I.C. Bahr came up with “Dum Dums” because he thought it was a phrase that could easily be uttered by children. Simple, colorful, and inexpensive, Dum Dums soon became an... READ ON

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Interview with Trace Beaulieu of MST3K and Cinematic Titanic

The conclusion to our two-part exclusive interview with Trace Beaulieu, formerly of Mystery Science Theater 3000 and now with Cinematic Titanic Read yesterday's part one... READ ON

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Interview with Trace Beaulieu of MST3K and Cinematic Titanic

A two-part exclusive interview with Trace Beaulieu, formerly of Mystery Science Theater 3000 and now with Cinematic... READ ON

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Is it Possible to Have a Two-Way Conversation With a Severed Head?

Call us morbid, but we've always wondered whether a decapitated head can still see for any length of time after being severed. Fortunately, we discovered that we aren't the first people who've scratched their heads over this curiosity. In the early 19th-century France (back when being guillotined was more or less a rite of passage), a series of scientists investigated the question. They concluded that decapitated heads continued to respond to external stimuli for several seconds after, um, parting from... READ ON

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Bonus Quiz: Name All 30 NHL Teams

Years of expansion and multiple franchise relocations have made the NHL a much different league than it was just two decades ago. Since the NHL season begins tonight, let's see if you can name all 30 current NHL teams. We don't need city or state names, just the team names. Give it a shot! Take the Quiz: 30 Teams, 5... READ ON

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Calli Arcale

Calli Arcale is a software engineer, dedicated Whovian, and certified space nut. She lives in Minnesota with her husband and two children, a four-nerd family.

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What the Weather Is Like on Other Moons and Planets

On Earth, we get snow, rain, fog, hail, and sleet, and all of them are basically the same thing: water. For a true change of weather, you need to go to other worlds. Here's a tour of what to expect on a trip through our solar system. Mars: Dry Ice... READ ON

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11 Creative Fan Renditions of Doctor Who Music

Doctor Who fans have a lot of creativity and talent, and many times they share it on YouTube. So to help tide us over until the new series starts, here are 11 creative interpretations of Doctor Who music! Craig Ferguson had Matt Smith (the Eleventh Doctor) as a guest on The Late Late Show, and as he is a massive Doctor Who fan, he put this together as a song and dance number based on the theme; it was initially blocked by his producer's lawyers, but was "accidentally" leaked to YouTube for your... READ ON

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11 Moons You Should Get to Know

You may have heard already that a fifth moon was discovered orbiting Pluto. (If not, Hubble spotted a fifth moon orbiting Pluto.) We know just enough about P5 to know that it's tiny, and it's a moon. Here are some other wild and wonderful worlds that orbit other worlds: 1. Phobos The larger and innermost moon of Mars, Phobos is probably a captured asteroid. It's covered in craters, including the gigantic Stickney Crater created by an impact that was nearly severe enough to destroy the moon altogether.... READ ON

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11 Planets You Never Had to Memorize

??"My Very Early Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas.” Whatever mnemonic you used, you probably had to learn nine planets.  (Younger readers may be learning just eight!)  But our solar system actually has thousands more planets than that; those are just the biggies.  Here are eleven that you've probably never had to memorize.?? 1. 1 Ceres... READ ON

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Collision Course: A Brief Guide to Earth's Most Interesting Impact Craters

A Norwegian family arrived at their cabin to open it up for the spring and found a surprise: a large rock had smashed through the roof. It was identified as a 1.3 pound breccia meteorite. It didn't hurt anybody, and its sale price should easily cover the damage to the roof; meteorites are valuable to collectors. But although most meteorites are very small, and to date nobody has been more than bruised by one, some of them are big and make a violent impression where they hit. Here are a few of the more... READ ON

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The Expanding Universe: How the Universe Got Bigger As We Measured It

Since before history began, we have tried to understand our world and our place in it. To the earliest hunter-gatherer tribes, this meant little more than knowing the tribe's territory. But as people began to settle and trade, knowing the wider world became more important, and people became interested in the actual size of it. Aristarchus of Samos (310-230 BC) made the earliest surviving measurements of the distance between objects in space. By carefully measuring the apparent size of the Sun and Moon and... READ ON

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Doctor Who: Mangling History

Doctor Who has a long and noble history of attempting to convey history to its young viewers. It has not always been completely successful, however. Here are a few stories where they dipped into history -- but didn't get the history quite right. The Gunfighters On Doctor Who: The TARDIS arrives in Tombstone, Arizona, just as the Clanton brothers arrive, looking to kill Doc Holliday for killing their brother. They promptly mistake the Doctor for him, because they don't know what he looks like. Wyatt... READ ON

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12 Diseases and the Lucky Places They’re Named For

Map image via Shutterstock This isn't exactly what tourism bureaus want you to picture when you hear a town or region's name. 1. Guinea Worm A parasitic nematode several feet long, European explorers named it for the Guinea coast of West Africa in the 17th Century. It's the stuff of nightmares. Eggs in stagnant water are eaten by water fleas, which get swallowed by a human drinking water. They mature in the human's gut, then mate. The female burrows to the lower leg and emerges. The burning... READ ON

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The Other Doctors of Doctor Who

There are eleven Doctors on Doctor Who, right? Well, yes, but not exactly. Those are the "canonical eleven" — the official Doctors. But are you familiar with some of the others? 1. The Dalek Movie Doctor In the mid-60s, Dalek Fever was sweeping England. Dalek creator Terry Nation secured the rights to produce two Doctor Who movies. The Daleks and Dalek Invasion Earth: 2150 AD starred legendary British actor Peter Cushing (famous for Hammer films and Sherlock Holmes, and later famous as Grand Moff... READ ON

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It Came From Space! Man-Made Objects That Crashed Back to Earth

Most orbital debris is in low Earth orbit, where "what goes up must come down" — derelict satellites, spent rocket boosters, explosive bolt shrapnel, payload fairings, interstage structures, payload adapters, spin-up counterweights, and more. Most reentering debris is small and burns up on reentry. But some of it is large and survives reentry. Occasionally, people even find it. To date, no one is known to have been injured, and, statistically speaking, debris is most likely to fall over water. But it's... READ ON

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Mark Arminio

Mark Arminio is currently freelancing in Detroit, MI, waiting for his big break as the fourth Jonas Brother.

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The Late Movies: Guess The Theme 101

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The Late Movies: Guess The Theme 100

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The Late Movies: Guess The Theme 99

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The Late Movies: Guess The Theme 98

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The Late Movies: Guess The Theme 97

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The Late Movies: Guess The Theme 96

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The Late Movies: Guess the Theme 95

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The Late Movies: Guess the Theme 94

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The Late Movies: Guess The Theme 93

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The Late Movies: Guess the Theme 92

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Lauren Baker

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5 Psychological Conditions Named for Disney Characters

Remember those bedtime stories that were read to you as a kid, and those Disney movies you watched? Turns out, there are some real psychological disorders and personality types that get their names from those characters. 1. Peter Pan... READ ON

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Who Said It: Popstar Britney Spears or Glee's Brittany S. Pierce?

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Aaron Bala

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What's the Main Ingredient?

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Tess Baldwin

Chris Balogh

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12 Proposed Disney Attractions That Were Never Built

Walt Disney once said, “It's kind of fun to do the impossible.” Well, my fine-mustachioed icon, it may have been fun, but sometimes it is simply impossible. The Disney theme parks had their fair share of true never-lands and rides—and here are 12 of them. 1. Lilliputian Land (Disneyland) In 1953, Roy O. Disney took a sales pitch to New York to raise money for this little land inspired by Gulliver's Travels. The idea was to build a miniature Americana village populated by 9-inch-tall singing and... READ ON

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Joseph Kittinger: The First High-Altitude Jumper

Wikimedia Commons Next week, “Fearless Felix” Baumgartner will attempt the highest, fastest free fall in history when he leaps out of a capsule 23 miles above Roswell, New Mexico wearing just a pressurized suit and helmet. But Baumgartner isn’t the first person to make a crazy jump like this. That distinction belongs to Joseph Kittinger, who made a series of high altitude jumps between 1959 and... READ ON

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Yael Bar-Tur

Nothing to see here, move along. Yael says more things at twitter.com/yaelbt.

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Sweet Valley High

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The Baby-sitters Club Quiz

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Itchy & Scratchy Episode or Cheesy Horror Film?

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The Judy Blume Quiz

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X-Men Superpower or Rare Genetic Disorder?

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The Beverly Cleary Quiz

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Stefanie Becker

Marty Beckerman

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Ernest Hemingway: The Quiz

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In the Beginning

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The Origin of Traffic Lights

Editor's Note: Reader Andrea recently asked if we could cover the history of traffic lights. Here's what we had in the archives.... READ ON

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3 Foods With a Religious Connection

This short piece originally appeared as a sidebar in the mental_floss book 'In the Beginning: A Mouthwatering Guide to the Origins of Everything.' Pretzel... READ ON

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A Brief History of Staples

People have been writing words on paper for a lot longer than they've had convenient ways to firmly bind those pages together. As families wrap up their back-to-school shopping, let's take a look at the evolution of staples. Attached at the... READ ON

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A Brief History of Braces

A word to all the pre-teens out there who are suffering through constant taunts of "metalmouth": at least you're in good company. Braces go all the way back to the days of the mummies; some of them have been found with crude metal bands wrapped around their teeth. Archaeologists think those bands were connected by catgut, stretched taut to pull the teeth together. (Mmm, sanitary!) Hippocrates and Aristotle are both on record wondering about ways to straighten teeth, too, and the... READ ON

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The Tone-Deaf Man Who Invented Karaoke

Given how many horrendous karaoke performances we've been subjected to, we weren't at all surprised to learn that the guy who invented the karaoke machine can't sing, can't read music, and plays the keyboards about as well as your average third-grader. Songs in the Off-key of... READ ON

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The Origin of SPAM (The Food) & Spam (The Email)

SPAM (The Food Item) First, let's get the ingredients out of the way. SPAM is chopped pork shoulder meat with ham, salt, water, sugar, and sodium nitrite. Unless, that is, it's SPAM Lite, in which case there's also some chicken thrown in there. Or SPAM Oven Roasted Turkey, which includes (we assume) turkey and is suitable for... READ ON

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Clothing Time: The Stories Behind 4 Famous Uniforms

This marks the first time we've lumped together priests, soldiers and Playboy bunnies in one article. Common element: they all dress for success. 1. School... READ ON

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Newspaper & Magazine Origins

Here's a look at the early days of some popular newspapers and magazines. We'll save the story of the humble dormitory origins of mental_floss for another time. The New York... READ ON

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The Origins of Salt, Pepper & Other Popular Spices

For today's reading from In the Beginning: A Mouthwatering Guide to the Origins of Everything, let's take a look at the stories behind some of your favorite spices. 1. Pepper If you eat enough pepper you'll start to sweat, which explains why the ancients thought the stuff made an excellent medical treatment. The Chinese employed it as a treatment for malaria, cholera, and dysentery, while Indian monks used it as a sort of PowerBar: they swallowed small amounts of the stuff in hopes that it would... READ ON

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The Origins of the Periodic Table

It's Elemental Contrary to schoolyard rumors, no one created the periodic table just to torture you—it all started with the elements. As early as 330 BCE, Aristotle created a four-element table: earth, air, fire, and water. (We'd sign up for a test on that periodic table, no problem.) But it wasn't until the late 1700s that Antoine Lavoisier wrote the first list of 33 elements. He classified them as metals and nonmetals, though we now know that some were compounds or mixtures. Other... READ ON

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Mark Bellomo

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12 Toys From the 1980s That Didn't Take Off

Many people of a certain age look back at the 1980s as the golden age of toys. But some action figures just didn't resonate—at least back then. Here are 12 rejected toys of the 80s that, in some cases, are now sought after by collectors. 1. Food Fighters (Mattel,... READ ON

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Kathy Benjamin

Kathy is a freelance writer whose work has appeared on various sites including Uproxx and Playboy’s The Smoking Jacket.

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11 Things That Make You a Bad Driver

You might have passed your driving test with flying colors and never text while driving, but it turns out there are a lot more bizarre things that can affect how dangerous you are on the road.... READ ON

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What Did Grover Cleveland Do Between Terms?

In 1888, thanks to a shady election and controversy over tariffs, Grover Cleveland lost reelection to Benjamin Harrison. By all accounts, Cleveland really thought he was done with government after that. But his wife may have thought otherwise.... READ ON

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11 Book Burning Stories That Will Break Your Heart

A warning to all bibliophiles: reading this might hurt.... READ ON

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4 Other Popes Who Resigned

Today, Pope Benedict XVI announced he would be the first pope to step down in 600 years. Even before that, the head of the Catholic Church giving up his office voluntarily was a very rare occurrence.... READ ON

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5 Audacious Sports Cheats (And How They Got Caught)

Lance Armstrong is far from the only person to take cheating to new levels.... READ ON

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4 Early American Politicians Rocked by Sex Scandals

General David Petraeus resigned his position and ended any hope of a run for the presidency over a sex scandal. While his actions weren't appropriate, he was just carrying on a long tradition of powerful men in government ruining their careers for a roll in the hay. 1. Alexander... READ ON

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11 People Who Lived to Read Their Own Obituaries

You might think that the death of a famous person would be relatively easy to double check before reporting it—but you would be wrong. For hundreds of years, the news has been jumping the gun on the deaths of some of our most celebrated personalities, so these 11 all had the surreal experience of reading their own obituaries. 1. Mark... READ ON

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11 of the Richest People in History

Coming up with a definitive list of the richest people of all time is almost impossible, thanks to the difficulties that arise with comparing different currencies and adjusting for inflation over thousands of years. But these 11 men were up there in the 0.001 percent of their time—and they were all just a little bit bonkers. 1. Jakob Fugger, March 6, 1459 – December 30,... READ ON

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11 Historical Geniuses and Their Possible Mental Disorders

Studies have shown that there are much higher instances of mental disorder in political leaders and creative geniuses than in the general population. And while it's impossible to be completely sure of a correct diagnosis of a historical figure, that hasn’t stopped researchers from making educated guesses. Here's a speculative look at the mental health of 11 of history's big thinkers. 1. Abraham Lincoln –... READ ON

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5 Things to Remember About Teachers for Back to School

Earlier this year you may have heard about a “War on Teachers,” where discussions of how little teachers work compared to how much they're paid got a lot of play in the media. With school starting again, let's take a closer look at our teachers. 1. They Don’t Do It for the Money Since more money is the way to motivate employees in most businesses, some school districts with less than stellar test grades have tried offering large bonuses to teachers if they get their kids to a higher level. In... READ ON

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Melissa Berlant

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12 Fascinating Moments in Winter Clothing History

Nowadays, people have access to all sorts of high-tech fabrics to stay warm and dry in inclement weather. But people faced the elements without the aid of nylon for thousands of years. From cloaks banned by Augustus Caesar to dog-toting hand muffs, here are some of the more interesting moments in the history of winter wear. 1. The Inuits created the parka... READ ON

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Sydney Beveridge

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Listen to 8-Year-Old Betty White Play a Crippled Orphan in 1930

Betty White is celebrating her 91st birthday today. Eight decades ago as a little (Golden) girl, she made her radio debut. Later, a collaboration with a radio disc jockey would help launch her into television stardom. Here's a look back at the highlights of her radio career, with some clips provided to us by the Old Time Radio Catalog.Early Radio DebutBetty White's earliest radio work found online is from an early 1930s drama called Empire Builders, sponsored by the Great Northern Railway Company.... READ ON

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Early Oprah

With the Oprah Winfrey Show ending today, here are some earlier clips of the media icon from before her epic television program took off. Teenage Oprah got her start in media as a part-time news reporter on WVOL radio in Nashville, TN. While still at college, she became the first African-American TV correspondent and youngest news co-anchor on WTVF in Nashville. In 1976, she moved to Baltimore to become a news reporter and anchor at WJZ-TV. Here are a couple of news promos with Oprah,... READ ON

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Welcome to the Peanut (Butter and Jelly) Gallery

During National Peanut Month, glamour shots of the popular foodstuff are on display at a gallery in New York City. Lee Zalben, founder of Peanut Butter & Co., was challenged to concoct 365 sandwich recipes. He loved the way they tasted and wanted to share the way they looked. Teaming up with photographer Theresa Raffetto and food stylist Patty White, he created the portraits to show off his nutty... READ ON

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Putin's New Puppy and Other Snuggly Diplomatic Gifts

© Pierre Marsaut/ZUMA Press/Corbis Last week, during their meeting about the South Stream gas transit pipeline and other large-scale energy projects, Bulgarian Premier Boyko Borisov gave Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin a Karakachan puppy, which he nuzzled in front of the cameras. Throughout history, many other world leaders have exchanged animals. From showing might to making alliances, celebrating milestones to spurring conservation efforts, pets have been the diplomatic present of choice... READ ON

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Your Cause in Lights: The Empire State Building's Tribute Policy

One of the most recognizable buildings in the world, loved by tourists, locals and giant gorillas alike, the Empire State Building decorates the New York City skyline with regular displays of colored lights. A recent controversy over the Empire State Building's rejection of the Catholic League's proposal to honor of Mother Teresa's centennial with blue and white lights has put a spotlight on the buildings lighting policy. Among the protestors, City Council members are speaking out against the decision.... READ ON

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Book Cart Drill Teams Battle for Supremacy

The secret lives of librarians took center stage at the American Library Association's annual conference earlier this month. There was dancing, there were costumes, there was music, and, of course, there were book carts. They practice their routines in hallways and parking lots, ready to compete in the 5th annual Library Book Cart Drill Team Championship, sponsored by library supply company DEMCO. "I thought, my God, what have we done here," said DEMCO's John Ison of the first competition. Teams... READ ON

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Happy St. Urho's Day!

On the day before St. Patrick's Day, celebrate St. Urho's Day to honor the Patron Saint of the Finnish vineyard workers. Before the ice age, Finland's grape crops were under attack from a pest. A man named Urho (pronounced "oorho") fortified by sour milk and fish soup came to the hill and yelled "Heinasirkka, heinasirkka, menetaalta hiteen!" which translates to "Grasshopper, grasshopper, go away!" With a few words, Urho saved the vineyards and became a hero. Though Urho lived in ancient times, his... READ ON

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2 Bars & Restaurants With a Hospital Theme

Mothers in Taiwan can now give birth in a Hello Kitty-themed hospital. Patients enjoy the iconic feline theme on everything from baby blankets, nurse uniforms, and a statue of the cat dressed like a doctor. Tsai Tsung-chi designed Hau Sheng Hospital with his mother, wife and daughter's adorable cartoon cat in mind. [Image courtesy of Reuters.] Meanwhile, other entrepreneurs in the restaurant industry have taken the hospital theme to different kinds of ventures. Just don't expect your health insurance... READ ON

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6 Ways to Compare the Candidates (Besides Electoral Votes)

When electoral maps overwhelm and statistical margins of error confound, pollsters and political commentators struggle to measure the outcome of the presidential race. Here are a few alternatives for predicting the election. 1. Check the CafePress... READ ON

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The Quick 10: 10 Campaign Fashion Choices

With campaign attire in the spotlight, what apparel choices are candidates and their spouses making? Whether they buy the with their own money or campaign funds, here are some of the fashion trends among the political elite. 1. Kawasaki, the Japanese company that makes Sarah Palin's iconic eyeglasses, received as many orders in 10 days for the frame as it does in a year. 2. Minnesota's Pacificier baby boutique is also cashing in on the publicity about Trig Palin's romper. 3. Sarah Palin debuted... READ ON

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Zac Bissonette

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5 Writers with Gender-Bending Pseudonyms

Here are five famous writers who, mostly for marketing reasons, changed genders for their bylines and book covers.... READ ON

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Emmy Blotnick

Blogger for Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. Comedy-doer. http://emmyblotnick.com

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5 Historical Attempts to Ban Coffee

Coffee may seem harmless, but its historical rap sheet is a mile long. 1. Mecca Coffee was banned in Mecca in 1511, as it was believed to stimulate radical thinking and hanging out—the governor thought it might unite his opposition. Java also got a bad rap for its use as a stimulant—some Sufi sects would pass around a bowl of coffee at funerals to stay awake during prayers. (Note to Starbucks: Time for a new size, the Funeral Bowl.) 2. Italy When coffee arrived in Europe in the 16th century,... READ ON

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Kaitlyn Boettcher

Katie is a mental_floss intern and senior at Beloit College, where she studies literature and anthropology.

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Why Do Students Dissect Frogs?

There are many surgeons who say that they first discovered their life’s passion standing over a dissected frog in a middle or high school biology class. But, apart from inspiring the medical professionals of tomorrow, what is the purpose of dissection? And more importantly, why is everyone always dissecting those poor green amphibians?... READ ON

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The Late Movies: Supercut Central

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100 History-Making Cameras on One Poster

To celebrate photography or, more accurately, the devices that make it possible, Pop Chart Lab has designed a stunning new poster that tracks the history of the camera from 1888 to today. ... READ ON

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5 Theories About Why We Dye Eggs for Easter

Every year at Easter, people hardboil eggs and dye them brilliant colors. Where did this tradition come from?... READ ON

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13 Unusual Objects Covered in Crystals and Diamonds

While “bejeweled” phone cases and other accessories are commonplace these days, some objects covered in crystals and jewels are decidedly more unusual.... READ ON

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Roy Chapman Andrews: A Real Life Indiana Jones

Since the '80s, one name has been synonymous with adventure: Indiana Jones. With his hat and his whip, his brain and his brawn, and that amazing theme music, who hasn’t dreamed of being like Indy, roaming the world and hunting down treasure? One man, Roy Chapman Andrews, was very nearly the real thing. Though his adventures didn’t involve faces melting or hearts being torn out, they were still perilous and often produced artifacts of great significance.... READ ON

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11 Really Bizarre World Records

Guinness World Records, in theory, are amazing and seemingly unattainable. The record holders are astoundingly strong or fast or otherwise able to push the limits of human ability. Over the years, though, these world records categories have become increasingly bizarre—and I’m not just talking about people with abnormally long fingernails.... READ ON

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Are Snails Born With Shells?

Snails are objects of fascination for kids playing outside. Lucky for the snails, they have their hard shells to protect them from children and predators alike. But are they born with that natural armor, or do they have to find it or grow it for themselves?... READ ON

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Frederick Starr: Anthropologist Lost from the History Books

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Floss books

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7 Super-Sized (And Somewhat Insane) Soviet Projects

The Soviet Union decided the best way to show up the West was to build the biggest version of any given object. The following are just seven of the largest examples. 1. A Palace for the... READ ON

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Debate Prep: A Brief History of American Political Debates

by Maggie... READ ON

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5 Infamous Female Spies

Behind every good war are many good women. Using their feminine (and in at least one case masculine) wiles, the following five spies would make James Bond proud. 1. Mata... READ ON

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A Little Bit of Lotto History (Including Thomas Jefferson's Take on Lotteries)

EPA/ERIK S. LESSER /LANDOV Tonight's Mega Millions jackpot is up over $500 million—the biggest lottery prize ever. Whether you call it the poor man’s dream, a casino without walls, or a tax on the stupid, the lottery has deep and widespread roots. Here’s a look at three quick stories about the numbers game. Lotteries of Yore Lotteries have been around as long as arithmetic. According to the Bible, God ordered Moses to use a lottery to divvy up land along the River Jordan (it’s in the Book of... READ ON

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6 of History's Greatest Art Heists and Scams

This past weekend, some daring criminals sauntered into the Marina del Rey Ritz-Carlton hotel and absconded with an original drawing by Rembrandt estimated to be worth $250,000. After a tip, the 17th-century sketch turned up in an Encino church about 20 miles away. Since art heists are on the brain, here are six instances where the best of human artistry brought out the worst of human trickery. 1. When Greeks Lose Their... READ ON

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6 Generals Who Switched Sides Hoping for Reward

Military turncoats come in all shapes and sizes, motivated by all sorts of considerations: power, revenge, disillusionment, and, most often, the sound of a little extra coin. But not every turncoat seems to bear the tarnished rep old Benedict Arnold came away with. The following are some of history's lesser-known traitors, but ones who were pleased with the results. 1. Flavius Josephus (ca.... READ ON

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7 Close Calls in the Nuclear Age

Here's a formula for fun: Arm two superpowers to the teeth with thousands of nuclear warheads. Make sure they are deeply hostile and suspicious of each other. Now, cut off diplomatic communication, stir in about 50 smaller countries with their own agendas on each side, and you've got yourself a cold war! 1. Suez Crisis On November 5, 1956, during the Suez crisis, the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) received warnings that seemed to indicate that a large-scale Soviet attack was under... READ ON

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4 Utopian Communities That Didn't Pan Out

Every once in a while, a proud little community will sprout up just to let the world know how Utopia should be run. With chins raised almost as high as ideals, the community marches forth to be an example of perfection. But in most cases, all that harmonious marching gets tripped up pretty quickly. Here are four "perfect" communities that whizzed and sputtered thanks to human nature. 1. Brook Farm (or, Ripley's Follow Me or... READ ON

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4 of History's Greatest Hoaxes

The Heene family's Balloon Boy hoax is still lingering in the news this week. Will charges be filed? Is a reality show in the works? Do you really care? We're guessing you don't. So instead, let's look back at four historical hoaxes. 1. The "Computer" That Outsmarted... READ ON

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IZOD and Lacoste: What's the Difference?

Note from Jason: My wife gave me a very nice Lacoste watch for my birthday, which led to a 'What's the difference between IZOD & Lacoste?' discussion. If your significant other gives you a very nice Lacoste watch on your birthday and the conversation takes a similar path, here's what you need to... READ ON

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John Brandon

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9 Very Specific Rules From Real Libraries

We've all seen signs banning cell phones, food, and drinks. But these rules cover issues that might not be common to all libraries.... READ ON

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12 Star Trek Gadgets That Now Exist

For geeks growing up in the 1960s, 80s and 90s, a vision of the future has been provided by one very successful television franchise: Star Trek. And the future, it turns out, is coming sooner than even Trek's writers could have imagined. Here are 12 gizmos used on the Star Trek television shows that are now becoming real. 1. Food... READ ON

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MrBreakfast.com

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Was This Really a Cereal?

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The Halloween Cereal Quiz

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Alton Brown

Alton Brown is a regular contributor to mental_floss magazine and one of our all-time favorite people.

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Alton Brown on the History of Buffalo Wings

Americans will consume some 1.25 billion chicken wings on Super Bowl Sunday. Our food expert tears into the meaty history.... READ ON

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Alton Brown on the History of Eggnog

Our resident food expert spills the history of his favorite creamy holiday... READ ON

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Alton Brown's Green Bean Casserole

Our resident food expert dives into the relatively recent birth of green bean... READ ON

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Alton Brown's Recipes

Alton Brown’s Nog of AgesRecipe Courtesy Alton Brown,... READ ON

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Jenny Brown

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Name the 10 Most Populous U.S. Cities (in 2 Minutes)

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Martha Brozyna

Martha A. Brozyna earned her Ph.D. in history from the University of Southern California where she specialized in the very popular and cutting edge field of medieval Polish history.

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6 Famous Eunuchs

Eunuchs, or castrated men, have played an important part in many cultures throughout the world since ancient times. They were usually castrated while still young boys in order to smooth their paths into secure government and/or religious positions in places like Egypt, China, India, Byzantium, and the Ottoman Empire. Others were castrated as adults as punishment for crimes committed that were sexual in nature. Still others castrated themselves as a result of zealous religious beliefs or fear of sexual... READ ON

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5 Mentally Ill Monarchs

Throughout history, kings and queens typically inherited their positions. Therefore, it's not surprising that some royals were not really up for the job. Here are five monarchs who suffered mental illnesses that affected their ability to rule. 1. Charles VI of France... READ ON

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4 Medical & Emotional Conditions Named for Mythological Characters

The English language is rich with words and phrases derived from other languages, such as Anglo-Saxon and Latin.  Many terms also come from Greek and Roman mythology. Here are a handful of words that describe physical and emotional states we're all familiar with, and the mythological figures who inspired them. 1. Priapism Few had ever heard of this condition before reading the small print in the Cialis commercial, but priapism is an extremely long-lasting (over four hours), and... READ ON

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Hillary Buckholtz

Hillary Buckholtz is a publicist, blogger, and comedian based in Washington, D.C. She runs the popular ’80s and early ’90s nostalgia blog “I’m Remembering!”(imremembering.com).

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11 Dolls the World Could Have Done Without

1. Full House... READ ON

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11 Toys You Only Played With at the Doctor's Office

The best part of going to the doctor's office as a kid... 1. Waterful... READ ON

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40 Awesome Tributes to Breaking Bad

Breaking Bad might not be a comedy, but we think these fan tributes are pretty... READ ON

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50 Amazing Pieces of Louis C.K. Fan Art

Louis C.K. is one of the Internet's (and maybe America's) most loved comedians. If you've never seen his Emmy-nominated TV show or stand-up specials, you can get to know him here, through the wonderful and sometimes odd artwork of his fans. (50 images are a lot for one post, so we've paginated it as a courtesy to those of you with slower internet connections. Things get a tad NSFW on page 3. If your office is fine with you looking at Louis C.K. fan art at work but draws the line at Louis C.K. fan art... READ ON

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11 Examples of 'Perfect Strangers' Fan Art

For the uninitiated, Perfect Strangers is an ABC sitcom that ran from 1986 to 1993 about the unlikely cohabitation of two distant cousins. Almost two decades since its cancellation, fans of the show are using the web to showcase loving and meticulous sculptures, paintings, and drawings in the likeness of the show's kooky protagonists, Larry and Balki. Some of these creations will make you so happy you will want to do the Dance of Joy! 1. Perfect Strangers Star... READ ON

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11 Artistic Renderings of Pee-wee Herman

This past summer, Gallery1988 held a collaborative art show called "I Know You Art, But What Am I?", a tribute to Pee-wee Herman. Here are 11 of the best Pee-wee tributes from the show, prints of which can be purchased through Gallery1988. 1. "Friends with Pee-Wee Herman" by James... READ ON

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Name That Cereal!

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Real '80s Sitcom or Something We Made Up?

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The '80s and '90s Game Show Quiz

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Beanie Babies: The Original Nine

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Patrick Cain

Patrick Cain is a nuclear engineer turned writer. His work appears in a number of magazines including ESPN The Magazine, Fast Company and Oxygen.

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11 Drinks and the Famous People Known to Drink Them

When these celebrities and iconic characters want to knock one back, these are the drinks they choose.... READ ON

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Why Won't Team USA Dip the Flag at the Opening Ceremonies?

For the last 100 years, the Olympic spirit has come with an asterisk for the United States. It's not doping. It's not underage gymnasts. In fact, if you're not looking closely, you'll miss it at the Opening Ceremonies: the United States will be the only country that refuses to dip its flag when passing the host... READ ON

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Nick Cannon

M Asher Cantrell

M. Asher Cantrell is the pen name of M. Asher Cantrell because he doesn’t understand how pseudonyms work. Ashe was born in Nashville, TN, and received a B.A.

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The True Stories Behind 11 Famous Sideshow Performers

Although the sideshow has mostly disappeared from the American landscape today, we can still look back on the performers of yesteryear and see how they became the icons of the American circus culture. But the stories of the real-life people behind the legends are sometimes just as interesting as what they could do on stage.... READ ON

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6 Weird Theories on Early Human Intelligence

Through thousands of years of knowledge and learning, we’ve developed extremely advanced intelligence as a species, especially when compared to other animals. But what made us so unique? What evolutionary paths did we take that others did not? The theories can get pretty weird...... READ ON

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10 Lesser-Known U.S. Coins

President Obama recently suggested the retirement of the penny as a way of reducing the federal budget, since it costs nearly two and a half times its face value to mint. While that may not happen any time soon, it’s still interesting to look at some other coins in U.S. history that were retired, were exceptionally rare, or never even made it off the drawing board...... READ ON

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5 Other Americans Who Were Kinda, Sorta President

Students might not have to memorize these names when they're learning all the presidents, but these people were closer than a heartbeat away.... READ ON

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12 Letters That Didn't Make the Alphabet

You know the alphabet. It’s one of the first things you’re taught in school. But did you know that they’re not teaching you all of the alphabet? There are quite a few letters we tossed aside as our language grew, and you probably never even knew they existed.1. ThornHave you ever seen a place that calls itself “ye olde whatever”? As it happens, that’s not a “y”, or, at least, it wasn’t supposed to be. Originally, it was an entirely different letter called thorn, which derived... READ ON

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6 Pieces of Folksy Wisdom That Are Actually True

The holidays are here again. That means family, and family means listening to insane, ill-informed debates over every subject imaginable. But just because your relatives are old and probably a little crazy doesn’t mean everything they say is nonsense. When it comes to some of that old down-home folksy wisdom, for example, they’re actually right. 1. You Can Predict the Weather From Joint... READ ON

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Beyond Black Friday: The 7 Black Days of the Week

We all know Black Friday, the discount-fueled shopping frenzy that follows Thanksgiving. But there are “Black” days for Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, too. You probably wouldn’t want to wake up early to wait in line for any of these. 1. Black... READ ON

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13 Disturbing News Stories You Probably Missed

One of the biggest news stories of 2012 has been the so-called Miami Zombie attack, where one man—theorized to be on bath salts—attacked a homeless man and gnawed on his face. But lots of other terrifying things happened all over the world this year that didn’t get nearly so much coverage. Read on. 1. Macabre Black Market In Thailand, a British citizen, Chow Hok Kuen, was caught attempting to smuggle something very horrifying into Taiwan: six dried human fetuses covered in gold leaf, tattoos,... READ ON

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11 Book Sequels You Probably Didn't Know Existed

We get frustrated with Hollywood's propensity for weird sequels that seem to have little or nothing to do with the original, but it just so happens that the practice is older than filmmaking itself. Several classic stories have strange follow-ups you've never heard of, like... 1. The Starlight... READ ON

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12 Proposed U.S. States That Didn't Make the Cut

The road to 50 states was littered with wannabes who couldn't wait to declare themselves—but never quite got to full statehood. Here are 12 states that could have been. 1.... READ ON

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